[FIRST YEAR] Animation 101
These circles move when looking at them eventhough this
image isn't a GIF, It's a JPG, how strange.
Covered today:
Chemical/Cognitive Processes
Chemical/Cognitive Processes
The Chemical/Cognitive Processes that create the illusion of motion.
Motion Perception/Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer’s pioneering study in motion perception that led to the development of Gestalt Psychology.
Motion Perception
Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs.
Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt psychology or gestaltism is a philosophy of mind, of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world.
The persistence of vision
The Phi phenomenon
Beta movement
The Maya graph editor
How to complete a bar sheet.
Motion Picture Persistence of Vision:
“How you see it” 1936 Chevrolet
In theory the human eye can view a strip of still images which run at a certain rate and yet don’t need to be in any particular order to give the effect of animation! The eye keeps the image in memory for a split second more after the image has gone, which gives the illusion of the animation moving. The principle of animation relates to all moving images that become animated, whether it’s a simple device such as a Zoetrope which is put into operation for sequencing of images or a larger sequencing of images namely a film like ‘Finding Nemo’ that’s fully represented by larger strips of still images.
The equivalent rule applies to all animation and with all manner of animation methods- such as ‘Stop motion and Cut out’ animation techniques. No one created persistence of vision! It was merely discovered by very early optical illusion toys which outlined the accuracy in concept that was at hand and therefore major step forward! The accuracy of the optical illusion toy was enough for adaptation. With hindsight views of the time at which discovery was realised was fortunate, in that it was seen for its potential and how an early optical illusion toys would lead to vast animated techniques and uses!
Mark Rogers, in 1936, created and published a book on the theory of ‘The Persistence of vision with regards to moving objects’. The theory, by definition, is where an after image is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the eye’s retina and is believed to be the explanation for the motion perception. The Phi phenomenon of continuous light feed, which is known as Flicker Fusion. The true reason for motion perception is the Phi Gestalt principle of movement perception. It happens when a series of still images are flashed on and off in quick succession.
Since it is assumed the illusion that film historians refer to as ‘Persistence of Vision’, is also the same as what is also known as Positive Afterimages by psychologists. The persistent activity in the brain, when the retinal photoreceptor cells continue to send neural impulses to the Occipital Lobe, would cause ‘Positive Afterimages’ aka Persistence of vision. Therefore, the possible reason why the brain easily accepts the virtual reality headset designed for video gaming is because it sends a picture to the brain which it sees without interference.
Some information which relates to the illusion of motion and/or idea related to colour and motion- after images- RGB colour model referring to movement in colour VR Systems and the Phi phenomenon being veil of background colour.
An explanation simply put is when the human eye is provided with fast succession of slightly different images, there is a passing moment during each image where then after it physically disappears (but on the contrary) yet lingers upon the retina, allowing the image to blend smoothly with the next image.
Early 1930’s descriptions of the illusion often thought the characteristics where of imperfection of the eye, mostly down to the retina. Explanation of this was later known to be nerves and parts of the brain, as science was more understood.
The Phi phenomenon
The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. Max Wertheimer, one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, defined this phenomenon in 1912.
Beta movement
Beta movement is an optical illusion, first described by Max Wertheimer in 1912, whereby a series of static images on a screen creates the illusion of a smoothly flowing scene. This occurs when the frame rate is greater than 10 to 12 separate images per second. The illusion of motion caused by animation is thought to rely on beta movement and the phi phenomenon, but the exact causes are still unclear.
The Maya graph editor
How to complete a bar sheet.
